Idealism: reality is mental, while realism asserts that the external world exists independently. Skepticism questions knowledge, while dogmatism holds firm beliefs. Relativism holds that truth and morality are subjective, while subjectivism sees reality as subjective. Empiricism values experience, while rationalism values reason. Criticism evaluates beliefs, while pragmatism focuses on practical solutions. You can use this template if you want to explain this idea to your audience.